Case photographs

Stage A — diagram of the forces drawing the canine backwards

Stage B — diagram of the forces levelling the front teeth

Stage C — diagram of the forces retracting the front teeth together

Stage D — diagram of the forces in the finishing stage

C-implant case — occlusal view of the upper arch at the start of treatment

C-implant case — occlusal view after the implant and appliance were placed

C-implant case — occlusal view while the front teeth were being retracted

C-implant case — occlusal view with the teeth aligned

Occlusal view of the upper arch at the start of lingual treatment

Upper arch with the C-tube and wire fitted on the palatal side

Upper arch while teeth were being moved with the lingual appliance

Occlusal view of the upper arch at the end of lingual treatment

Side view of an open bite, where the front teeth did not meet

Side view with the orthodontic appliance fitted

Side view as the front teeth closed

Side view with the front teeth meeting normally

Diagram of a C-plate placed in the palate drawing the front teeth back

Diagram of the intended alignment after movement with the C-plate

C-plate case — occlusal view of the upper arch at the start of treatment

C-plate case — upper arch with a C-plate placed in the palate

C-plate case — upper arch while teeth were being moved from the plate

C-plate case — occlusal view with the teeth aligned